Answer:
a. autoclaving
Explanation:
The autoclave is a device designed to sterilize contaminated material and media, in order to reliably eliminate microorganisms that would otherwise be present in objects that are used in diagnostic, treatment or research activities in hospitals and laboratories health institutions . This sterilization is usually carried out with moist heat in devices called autoclaves. It is also a widely used equipment in the food industries and in the pharmaceutical industry.
For sterilization of culture media to be effective, the selected temperature and time must be achieved throughout the liquid. Since the transmission of heat in the liquid of the vessels is carried out from the outside inwards, it is evident that the efficiency of the process will depend on the volume of liquid.
In general, it is not convenient to sterilize large and small containers together. In any case, the temperature and time will be selected according to the volume of the containers.
Hermetically sealed containers must be introduced into the autoclave without completely closing the cap, to facilitate the entry of steam during the process. When emptying the autoclave after sterilization we will proceed to completely close these containers.
Empty containers require a longer sterilization time than containers with liquid inside.
The autoclaves are available in many sizes, the small ones are desktop and the larger ones are complex equipment that require a large amount of pre-installation for their operation. In order to measure its size, the volume of the sterilization chamber is usually taken as a reference, which is measured in cubic centimeters or liters. Depending on their operation they are semi-automatic or automatic.
Unsure of the page number, but.. The word, “aloof” in the book, “Mice and Men”, can be found on chapter 4.
Answer:
The stem cells was discovered by Ernest McCulloch and James Till in 1981. Studies conducted for stem cells can be used for bone marrow transplantation and to treat various diseases.
Explanation:
Stem cell are the cells that has the ability to differentiate into different cells of the body. In 1978 human cord blood discovered as stem cell. The stem cell research come to known in 1981.
Ernest McCulloch and James Till discovered the stem cell research while working on the mice bone marrow. He found that the different blood cells were formed by the single class of cells.
Experiments on mice and other animals have been conducted to study the stem cells so far. The study of stem cell is useful to cure the genetic defects, Cancer and other harmful diseases.
