After being sent to new land in the Indian Territory because of the Indian Removal Act, the Five Tribes began to place more of an emphasis on ranching. These tribes had used livestock ranching and herding on their old land, but the plains of the Indian Territory were excellent for open-range grazing. The tribes usually shared cattle and land communally. This meant that the tribe held ownership over herds instead of having smaller herds that were owned by individuals. The tribes began to create ranching and herding operations that would allow them to sell cattle, but the Civil War caused many changes that hindered these efforts.
Answer: Spanish settlement resulted in much suffering and hardship; it turned many Native Americans into slaves and killed millions of them through battle, mistreatment, and disease.
