Agencies that are outside presidential control and separate from a traditional department. independent regulatory commissions do not report to the president, independent agencies do.
One way in which akbar trhe great, suleiman the magnificent, and philip II are similar is that they were all dictators, who generally made decisions about their populace without needing the advice of a council or the general population.
1- look at the map, you should be able to see all the places that Russia actually boarders till this day.
I am not going to answer in a paragraph of 125 words, but I will give you the answer to the first question; The United States didn't want another country to fall to communism. They officially got involved after the attack of the Gulf of Tonkin (U.S destroyers were stationed there and a radio came in that said they had been fired upon by North Vietnamese forces). (45 words BTW).