I Don't Believe Anyone did defeat him. . .
If I'm Wrong I'm Sorry but I'm quite certain no one beat him, not until he died at least. . .
Answer:
I believe it would be A or D
Explanation:
They had to endure criticism and hatred for being monotheistic during a time of paganism. it was seen as mutiny to the Roman Republic which had to keep its constituents "in line"
Answer:
c) try to find new trade routes to Africa and Asia
Explanation:
Finding new trade routes to Africa and Asia is a good way to gain a competitive advantage over other European, rival states. This in fact what Portugal first, and later Spain, did during the later years of the 1400s.
The motivation was that the Ottoman Empire controlled the Eastern Mediterranean, and this prevented Western European nations from trading with East Asia and the Middle East with ease.
Portugal opted to look for new routes around Africa, and the Indian Ocean, while Spain decided to look for a new route throught the west, which led to the arrival of Columbus in the Americas in 1492.
