Plessy v. Ferguson, 163 U.S. 537 (1896), was a landmark decision of theU.S. Supreme Court issued in 1896. It upheld the constitutionality of racial segregation laws for public facilities as long as the segregated facilities were equal in quality – a doctrine that came to be known as "separate but equal
President Johnson was speaking to how black citizens are equal to everyone else and should have the same rights as everyone else. He wanted them to have the right to vote and to have a voice. They were not the ones causing trouble. They just wanted to be treated fairly. It was the people and the old outdated laws they followed that caused the inequality issues.
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It’s 100. 2 senators for each state