Vienna, Austria is the answer.
Uniformitarianism
fossils
radioactive decay
48 million
after
The youngest age of the shale is 910 ka. According to the principle of inclusions, the shale formed before the tephra, so the tephra must be younger than 910 ka.
Fire is important because it cooked food, provided light and provided heat
According to the First World War page on the Australian War Memorial website from a population of fewer than five million, 416,809 men enlisted, of which over 60,000 were killed and 156,000 wounded, gassed, or taken prisoner. The latest figure for those killed is given as 62,000.