According to Kohlberg's theory Mike is in the <span>preconventional stage 2 which is termed the egoist. This stage is characterized by doing things only to avoid pain or gain pleasure. Individual does what is necessary to in order to satisfy his own needs or fulfill his desires. </span>
The answer is: psychometric; Piagetian
According to the psychometric approach, the cognitive development could be measured by using numerical assessment with a standardized result. This is similar to Alfred's view who believe that those who give better performance in quantitative measures of variables tend to be more developed.
According to the Piagetian cognitive approach on the other hand, the cognitive development could only be measured by how well an individual is interacting with their biological traits and the environment around them (similar's to Jeanne's view)