Answers:
1. an artistic movement that emphasized the emotional rather than the rational side of humans = ROMANTICISM
2. a movement in which philosophers developed ideas of democratic principles and basic human rights = ENLIGHTENMENT
3.an ideology that included the rights to liberty, equality, and property for all people and the separation of different branches of government = LIBERALISM
4.an ideology that believed that a nation should be based on people’s shared culture, language, or background = NATIONALISM
<u>Explanation</u>:
The Enlightenment was an 18th century philosophical movement that urged people to use their reason to make life and society better. "Dare to know! Have the courage to use your intelligence!" was how one Enlightenment thinker (Immanuel Kant) summed up what they meant by "enlightenment." One area where they applied reasoning and investigation to seek solutions was in regard to the organization of politics. The rights of people to assemble for political discourse, as well as the rights of people to participate in the rule (governing) of their own societies were outgrowths of the Enlightenment emphasis. Liberalism, as described above, was a 19th century result of the 18th century ideas of Enlightenment.
Romanticism (another 19th century movement) was something of a reaction against science and reasoning going too far (in the view of some), taking over too much of a role in society. Thus the Romantic emphasis on emotions more than on reason.
Nationalism also was a major movement in the 19th century, and sometimes was supported by Romanticism. Examples of that would be Richard Wagner's opera <em>The Valkyrie, </em>which dramatized old German national myths, or the novel <em>Ivanhoe</em> by Sir Walter Scott, which dramatized medieval legends of England.
