B.) A series of actions by the Catholic Church intended to spread and defend the catholic faith
The <em>Counter-Reformation</em> (1545-1648), as a movement of reform within the Roman Catholic Church, started as a reaction to the <em>Protestant Reformation</em>.
Mainly it sought to reaffirm principles to defend from Protestants' opposition (Pope’s authority, veneration of the saints, etc.), to eliminate some of the abuses the protestants criticized like the sale of indulgences for the remission of sin, to spread the Catholic faith and to get church members to remain loyal to it.
However its widespread and indiscriminate use in stifling genuine political discourse made it deeply unpopular, and became increasingly reviled within India. ... The act was re-enacted during World War II as Defence of India act 1939.
