It was ruled by local rulers because they ruled their own cities. It was a monarchy. The Shang Dynasty's economy is based on their trade, agriculture, and the craftspeople work. The Shang Dynasty's economy is based on their trade, agriculture, and the craftspeople work.
The correct answer is b.universal because the actual definition for universal is- affecting, or done by all people or things in the world or in a particular group; applicable to all cases. Hope this helps! :)