Answer:
The phrase means that even if the action was or seems wrong, the outcome or result means it was not really wrong. The phrase strictly, applies to cases where the moral outcome is truly superior to no action. Otherwise the end would not truly justify the means.
The answer would be that light can be reflected or refracted
Mostly farming, lumbering, fishing, trading,etc. This required cheap labor, or slaves. They were required for the heavy work to be done quickly by demand.
