Answer:
B. TCP ensures messages can be reliably transmitted across the Internet.
D. TCP must account for the fact that packets may not arrive at a destination computer in the intended order
Explanation:
TCP or transmission control protocol is a connection oriented protocol that divides a packet to segments, and reliably sends them to their destination.
TCP is a layer 4 (transport layer) protocol in the OSI network model. Its packets data unit, PDU, is called segment.
For TCP connection to be successful, a three way handshake must be established between the client and server.
When a connection is established, tcp sends the packets in sequenced segments to the destination through various routes, the source receives acknowledgement for segments received by the destination and the source resend segment that were lost. In the destination, the TCP arranges the segments to its proper sequence.
Answer:
cin.ignore function written as cin.ignore()
Explanation:
- As we know that cin is an object that is used to obtain the input entered by the user through the keyboard.
- cin.ignore() is a function which is used to ignore or skip one or more characters in the keyboard buffer.
- Keyboard buffer is a small storage area which is used to store keystrokes.
- When a key is pressed on the keyboard it is referred to as a keystroke.
- So before processing, these keystrokes are stored in keyboard buffer.
- So when we use cin to input a character from the user through the keyboard, the keyboard buffer must be empty. If that's not done then the character entered will be taken by the buffer of previous variable.
- Lets take an example of why we want to use cin.ignore() function.
- For example you want the employee (user) to enter his name and you are using cin to read this name from the user.
char empname[8];
cin>>empname;
- Now if the user types his name lets say Anonymous and press enter key this will be taken as new line character and it will store this newline character \n into the buffer.
- cin >> statement reads data from the buffer and stops reading when it reaches newline character.
- So Anonymous is read in and stored in empname variable but newline character is left in the keyboard buffer.
- Lets say after cin>>empname we write another statement that takes a character from user. A user wants to enter character "a".
char character;
character = cin.get();
- When cin.get finds the newline character \n in keyboard buffer, it uses it (as cin.get can read the newline character in the buffer) without waiting for the user to input "a".
- So cin.ignore() function is used to avoid such situation.
- We can specify the characters to be ignore within the cin.ignore() function such as cin.ignore(10,'\n') will ignore 10 characters in the buffer before taking new line or until a \n character comes.
- You can simply use cin.ignore() which will ignore the very next character just as \n in our example. In our example we can use cin.ignore() after the cin>>empname; and before using cin.get();
The correct scripts are:
chmod 765 script1
chmod u+x script1
A cοmmand is an instructiοn givеn by a usеr tеlling a cοmputеr tο dο sοmеthing, such a run a singlе prοgram οr a grοup οf linkеd prοgrams. Cοmmands arе gеnеrally issuеd by typing thеm in at thе cοmmand linе (i.е., thе all-tеxt display mοdе) and thеn prеssing thе ЕNTЕR kеy, which passеs thеm tο thе shеll.
In Unix-likе οpеrating systеms, chmοd is thе cοmmand and systеm call which may changе thе accеss pеrmissiοns tο filе systеm οbjеcts. It may alsο altеr spеcial mοdе flags. Thе rеquеst is filtеrеd by thе umask. Thе namе is an abbrеviatiοn οf changе mοdе.
Answer:
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