Anemia can be caused by a great amount of things. The most common reason is through iron deficiency, which is linked to other illnesses that cause anemia. Or, through malnutrition where the patient is not getting the right amount of vitamins or minerals in their diet. The protein hemoglobin contains iron, which is why the hemoglobin levels drop at times when there is anemia
COPD, or Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, pretty much says it all. In COPD the Bronchioles (the pathways of air to the Aveoli), become inflamed and are occluded by mucus, because the Cilia which are responsible for pushing it out of the tract have been damaged. Because of the narrowing, the Aveoli attempt to increase the surface area so that more oxygen can be absorbed by the lungs, however this can lead to a problem as the dead space (space that is not the aveoli and can be absorbed) is then expanded as well, which leads to shortness of breath.
An effect associated with over nutrition is obesity(becoming overweight).
Risks can accumulate over time through exposure to different things over life which is a normal part of life generally. People who do a lot of crazy things are people who are more prone to having different kinds of risks being brought upon them. If you're working as a construction, it's more likely with time that you will suffer from some sort of work-related accident than someone who works in an office all day long.
