The relationship between the United States and Latin America was limited in the late 1800's, although there was some contact because of wars where the U.S stepped in, like the short Spanish–American War of 1898.
Australia underwent a population boom because:
Australia was under the British 'empire' during the time. When the British prisons became overcrowded, many of them were shipped to Australia to live there. This increased the amount of people living in Australia exponentially, and eventually cities were founded
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Suppose your ancestors came from the Highlands of Western England and settled in the Appalachian Mountains of present-day West Virginia. Among the waves of immigrants from England your ancestors were the D) Puritans.
It goes both ways. A full on invansion of Japan would’ve costed a lot of lives perhaps more than the bomb killed but on the other hand many innocent lives were lost with the dropping of the bomb