In the Elizabethan great chain of being, it was "minerals" that were at the lowest rung of human society, since it was believed that these were the foundations of plant life and nothing more.
The answer to your question is King John.
In 1798 the United States stood on the brink of war with France. The Federalists believed that Democratic-Republican criticism of Federalist policies was disloyal and feared that aliens living in the United States would sympathize with the French during a war. As a result, a Federalist-controlled Congress passed four laws, known collectively as the Alien and Sedition Acts. These laws raised the residency requirements for citizenship from 5 to 14 years, authorized the President to deport aliens, and permitted their arrest, imprisonment, and deportation during wartime. The Sedition Act made it a crime for American citizens to "print, utter, or publish . . . any false, scandalous, and malicious writing" about the Government.
The laws were directed against Democratic-Republicans, the party typically favored by new citizens, and the only journalists prosecuted under the Sedition Act were editors of Democratic-Republican newspapers. Sedition Act trials, along with the Senate’s use of its contempt powers to suppress dissent, set off a firestorm of criticism against the Federalists and contributed to their defeat in the election of 1800, after which the acts were repealed or allowed to expire. The controversies surrounding them, however, provided for some of the first testings of the limits of freedom of speech and press.
Taoism compose of these three ideas namely, wu wei (effortless), ziran (naturalness) and shengren (sage). These three ideas mold the Taoist idea of philosophies and religion. They tried to understand and focus the idea of the naturalness of the reality, leadership,and morality.
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Confucianism, also known as Ruism, is a system of thought and behavior originating in ancient China. Variously described as tradition, a philosophy, a religion, a humanistic or ... During the Han dynasty (206 BCE–220 CE), Confucian approaches edged out the ... Later, Zhu Xi defined junzi as second only to the sage
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