Darwins's theory of natural selection is an evidence of evolution by acquiring characters that make survival of an organism feasible in a typical environment. Fossils records are used to support this theory, by figuring out the common ancestry of different species and different traits that have evolved in them with time. Embryology is also used as an evidence which shows common origin of the organisms. Other evidences are geographic distributions and homologous structures of the living organisms.
The difference in mass does not deal with the proportional aspect of the solutions, making the results less accurate. The percent was calculated to give an exact difference, along with considering the quantities of solution.
No choice given but the development of nuclear weapons could be considered a negative consequence of the application of scientific knowledge for example when it was used on Hiroshima and Nagasaki killing and wounding 100's of 1000's of people.