<span>the ruling class would not willingly give up its power and position in government</span>
The correct answer should be B. decreased immigration
Immigration was not decreased, it was high and therefore people needed more land and they expanded.
In order for a society to be considered a civilization, one of the first things it needs is food for the people. After all, there wouldn't be a civilization if the people didn't survive. Literature is necessary too.
The true statement would be"They believed in a system of checks and balances."
The Federalists wanted a strong, central government, so the first option would be incorrect. Also, they didn't fear the presidency would become too powerful, making the third option incorrect. The last option is incorrect because the Federalists supported the ratification of Constitution as they noticed the weaknesses of the Articles.
Hope this helps! :)