< The Suppression of the Slave Trade Legacies in America >
The negative impact of the international slave trade on Africa was immense. It can be seen on the personal, family, communal, and continental levels. In addition to the millions of able-bodied individuals captured and transported, the death toll and the economic and environmental destruction resulting from wars and slave raids were startlingly high. In the famines that followed military actions, the old and very young were often killed or left to starve.
The Export Trade in Slaves,1600-1800Transformations in Slavery: A History of Slavery in Africa The Export Trade in Slaves,1600-1800 from Transformations in Slavery: A History of Slavery in Africa by Paul E. Lovejoy
Forced marches of the captives over long distances claimed many lives. A large number of the enslaved were destined to remain in Africa - many were transported across the Sahara to the north - which heightened the impact of the slave trade on the continent. It is estimated that the population of Africa remained stagnant until the end of the nineteenth century.
Besides its demographic toll, the slave trade, and the Africans' resistance to it, led to profound social and political changes. Social relations were restructured and traditional values were subverted. The slave trade resulted in the development of predatory regimes, as well as stagnation or regression. Many communities relocated as far from the slavers' route as possible. In the process, their technological and economic development was hindered as they devoted their energy to hiding and defending themselves.
The disruption was immense: the relationships between kingdoms, ethnic groups, religious communities, castes, rulers and subjects, peasants and soldiers, the enslaved and the free, were transformed. In some decentralized societies, people evolved new styles of leadership that led to more rigid, hierarchical structures, thought to better ensure protection.
In addition, European powers intervened in the political process to prevent the rise of the African centralized states that would have hampered their operations.
In the end, the slave trade left the continent underdeveloped, disorganized, and vulnerable to the next phase of European hegemony: colonialism.
The act also affected the Chinese who had already settled in the United States. Any Chinese who left the United States had to obtain certifications for reentry, and the Act made Chinese immigrants permanent aliens by excluding them from U.S. citizenship.
Hi. I am not sure if there are choices that was included in your post. Just in case there's none, let me go ahead and answer this one for you. This was the Battle of Lexington where they battled for about a year before the independence. They used strategies such as the troops scattered in the area and was able to stop the British troops from using their full powers.
<span>The Bonus Army was the name given to Veterans who
asked the government for early we-related payments. It was an army of 43,000
marchers who gathered in Washington D.C. in 1932. They demanded cash-payment
redemption for their service certificates. The assembly was led by Walter W.
Waters, a former army sergeant.</span>
