Answer:
a. the alternative punishments that are available
Explanation:
Alternative punishments generally tend to change the support patterns with more softline polling members opting for alternative punishments rather than death penalty.
When a product is scarce, consumers are faced with conducting their own cost-benefit analysis; a product in high demand but low supply will likely be expensive. ... This means that a consumer should only purchase the product if they see a greater benefit from having the product than the cost associated with obtaining it.