A client who has liver damage is receiving lithium for treatment of bipolar disorder. The nurse understands that which of the fo
llowing may occur when the client is receiving lithium? a) Increased plasma concentration
b) Monitoring of plasma levels is not needed
c) Decreased plasma concentration
d) No alteration in plasma levels
Due to the fact that liver damage affects its detoxification role,the amount of lithium in the blood build up.The rapid build up and inability of the kidney to clear it (renal clearance) leads to increase in plasma concentration of lithium.
In addition, assuming the damage leads to sodium and volume depletion especially in case of Cirrhosis, this together with inability of the kidney to effectively clear the lithium levels leads to increase in plasma lithium concentration levels of the blood.
Conclusively, the above analysed factors leads to elevation of serum lithium levels.
Bipolar disorders are mental disorders in which the patient behaviur, energy and thinking changes dramatically. Lithium is proved to be quite effective in bipolar disorder. But for the best results the concentration of lithium should be kept constant in body. For this the nurses measure the lithium level regularly in the body.
But if a person has liver or kidney disorders plasma concentration of lithium will rise. Kidney and Liver both act as detoxifying and secretory organs of drugs for body. So any damage to them may lead to accumulation of drug in the body.
this is very debatable but i think C mostly because of oil spills that happen due to the carelessness of the oil companies but also B where plastic from 20+ years ago hound the living organisms of the ocean.
but without a doubt oil drilling takes the cake when oil spills happen they actually block the sunrays to hit beyond their layer since it forms immiscible soln with the ocean.
Ladybug larvae look somewhat like tiny alligators, they have elongated bodies and bumpy exoskeletons. Though in many species, the ladybug larvae are black with brightly colored spots or bands.
1. All known living things are made up of one or more cells. 2. All living cells arise from pre-existing cells by division. 3. The cell is the fundamental unit of structure and function in all living organisms.
