Washington Gladden's ideas would most closely be tied to the period in U.S. history that begins just after the Civil War and leads into Reconstruction.
Slaves were punished by whipping, shackling, hanging, beating, burning, mutilation, branding, and imprisonment. Punishment was often meted out in response to disobedience or perceived infractions, but sometimes abuse was performed to re-assert the dominance of the master (or overseer) over the slave.
