Iran, also called Persia, was the world's oldest empire, dating back 2,500 years, by 1900 it was floundering. Bandits dominated the land, literacy was one percent and women, under archaic Islamic dictates, had no rights.
B. Righting to your representative is showing taking action which is obviously a form of participation. Joining a party is seeking out a party you agree with more and acting. Canvassing is direct contact with individuals so it is participation. Reading a newspaper is only helping yourself, and shows no action being taken.
He was not 21 at the time