Answer: dietary fiber
Explanation:
The dietary fibers can be defined as those nutrients in the diet which cannot be digested by the gastrointestinal enzymes and the minerals from them are not absorbed by the body. These keep the bowel full after food intake for long. These prevent disease like diabetes as reduces the need for consumption of more food, heart disease and constipation. The fruits, vegetable, legumes, fibers are the sources of dietary fibers.
It would take 31 codons to code for a protein that contains 30 AA
Answer:
Having considered how an appropriate primary immune response is mounted to pathogens in both the peripheral lymphoid system and the mucosa-associated lymphoid tissues, we now turn to immunological memory, which is a feature of both compartments. Perhaps the most important consequence of an adaptive immune response is the establishment of a state of immunological memory. Immunological memory is the ability of the immune system to respond more rapidly and effectively to pathogens that have been encountered previously, and reflects the preexistence of a clonally expanded population of antigen-specific lymphocytes. Memory responses, which are called secondary, tertiary, and so on, depending on the number of exposures to antigen, also differ qualitatively from primary responses. This is particularly clear in the case of the antibody response, where the characteristics of antibodies produced in secondary and subsequent responses are distinct from those produced in the primary response to the same antigen. Memory T-cell responses have been harder to study, but can also be distinguished from the responses of naive or effector T cells. The principal focus of this section will be the altered character of memory responses, although we will also discuss emerging explanations of how immunological memory persists after exposure to antigen. A long-standing debate about whether specific memory is maintained by distinct populations of long-lived memory cells that can persist without residual antigen, or by lymphocytes that are under perpetual stimulation by residual antigen, appears to have been settled in favor of the former hypothesis.
The changing species concept has affected classification systems by distinguishing one species from the other. It has the effect of making to appear that species and their distinctive attributes are external and fixed. The reason for that because o the evolutionary process they have undergone.
