Relief rainfall, also known as orographic rainfall, occurs in areas where land increases in height. It is very common on the west coast of the United Kingdom due to the prevailing weather coming from that direction.
Relief rainfall is formed when the air cools as it rises over relief features in the landscape such as hills or mountains. As the air rises, it cools, condenses and forms rain.
In the UK prevailing winds from the west lead to air rising over upland areas such as the Pennines. As the result of this rainfall totals of over 1,600 mm per year occur in the west of the UK. The downwind or leeward slope receives a small amount of rainfall in comparison.
It consists of two sides of a mountain each having its name
The side with the rainfall is called windward side and the side without rainfall is called lee ward side
The reason why there is rain on only one side is because when clouds move from one side of the mountain to the other side, the cloud is very heavy, so it showers off on the side of the mountain which it is on (windward side) and very less water is left to shower off on the other side (leeward side)
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