<span> When a cell membrane becomes energized due to electron transport reactions by the electron carriers embedded in it then this results in proton motive force (PMF). This way the cell becomes a tiny battery. </span><span>
The proton motive force (PMF) is driven by </span>the difference in charge across the plasma membrane with protons outside the membrane.
Answer:
The correct answer is - as energy lost at every trophic level.
Explanation:
In any ecological ecosystem the energy pyramids always upright unlike other pyramids such as biomass showing the number of organisms, that can be diamond shape, inverted or upright.
The main reason behind this is due to the fact that it is only a pyramid in the ecosystem that always unidirectional in the food chain which is always some energy lost with an increase in the trophic level in the food chain. This loss of energy always gets back to the atmosphere in each step of the food chain.
Picture attached
Answer:
Nitrifying bacteria
Explanation:
The process labelled B is the conversion of inorganic nitrogen from organic products to atmospheric nitrogen. This process is called denitrification.
Denitrification is a process where nitrate is reduced to molecular nitrogen through a series of intermediate products. This processed is carried out by bacteria called denitrifying bacteria.
Denitrifying bacteria are an important part of the nitrogen cycle.
