<span>A hapten is one of Ruthie's symptoms that is an example of an innate defense mechanism. The hapten is a molecule which is small and it is not antigenic. The hapten also stimulates the process of production of antibodies in our own body.</span>
A. bind and unwind double helix
Answer:
Microchimerism is implicated in autoimmune diseases. This phenomenon, called microchimerism, is known as one that can provoke several autoimmune disorders, such as lupus and rheumatoid arthritis.
Explanation:
Chronic disease is a condition of human chimerism that shares similarities with some autoimmune diseases. Chimerism has been known to play a role in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. Chimerism indicates the presence of cells from one individual in another individual. Chimeric cell injection causes lupus-like disease. Regarding all of this we can see that chimerism provokes autoimmune deseases.
<span>B)Both are involved with stages of succession, but pioneer species are the beginning and climax communities are the end result.</span>
