One factor that would limit the settlement on top of living organisms is the panels hang vertically from the side of a dock.
The factors that affect settlements can explain how an organism adapts to its environment. There can be numerous factors based on the situations that can limit the settlement of an organism in its new environment. Competition, predation, disturbances, resources, etc can affect the establishment of a species in an area.
A set of panels hanging vertically can hinder the settlement on top of living organisms. Many organisms are known to survive in the harsh stormy seas and many are known to live in places where freshwater and ocean surface water mix (estuaries). But if the place where the animal such as crabs and snails have to reach is hung vertically it might be difficult for them to establish themselves as it will be harder for them to reach and hang on to the panels.
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Answer is A. A population becomes separated by environmental factors into two groups that do not reproduce with one another.
When a population of a species become geographically separated then gene flow between them stops. Over a period of time, the population may become genetically different in response to the natural selection due to different environments. Selection and genetic drift will act differently on these two separated populations. This will results into two separate species. This type of speciation is called allopatric speciation.
This should be an example of genetic drift.
The brown spotted deer would spread their genes more than the white spotted ones which would eventually lead to them completely overpowering genetically the white deer in future generations.
