"perfect chances of verbs?" I haven't heard of that, ever, in my 73 years.
Is it possible that you meant "perfect tenses of verbs?"
One possible answer for consideration would be "auxiliary verb," such as "had," "have," and so on.
Transcendentalism was a philosophical movement that was developing by the late 1820s and '30s in the Eastern region of the United States as a protest against the general state of intellectualism and spirituality. The doctrine of the Unitarian church as taught at Harvard Divinity School was of particular concern.
The Irony and the pun in the sentences are as follows:
1. Ned said, I just love working in the hot sun. When can we do this again?"
The above sentence shows irony ,as no one would want to work in the hot sun, but Ned is expressing contrary to it.
2. Billy Fisher was a minor character and remained one as an adult
The above phrase show a play with words and also depicts dark humor, as it suggests the Billy would be a minor, even as an adult. Thus this suggests pun in the sentence.
3. Kara read that Tom Sawyer tricked the boys. What a good friend!" she remarked.
This sentence shows irony, as what is being exclaimed by Kara is the opposite to what Tom's deed are.
4.His friend's none the wiser, Tom surveyed the results of his whitewashing.
This sentence suggests neither irony, nor pun.
