The correct answer is option Energy is lost at each trophic level.
In a Ecological pyramid, the energy is transferred from the producer to the consumer level. The ecological pyramid is triangular in structure, this is because the number of organism on each successive trophic level is less than the preceding one or the one below it.
The reason of this shape of ecological pyramid is on subsequent trophic level, the amount of energy transferred is only 10%. The rest of the energy is dissipated in the environment in the form of heat. As only 10% of total energy is transferred to the subsequent level, The amount of energy reaching to tertiary consumer is very less that it cannot meet the energy demand of next level.
The protein structures can be classified into four levels, namely the primary structure, secondary structure, tertiary structure, and quaternary structure. The primary structure is the simplest of all the structures. When all the hydrogen bonds are disrupted, the secondary, tertiary and the quaternary structures gets disrupted, which leads the protein to the most simplest structural form, that is the primary structure. In this structure, the a carbon atom is bonded to hydrogen atom, carboxyl group, amino group, and an 'R' group.
We use Chargaff's rule to get the answer.
[A] + [G] = [C]+ [T].
[A] + [G] + [C] + [T] = 100%
Where is A is Adenine, G is Gaunine, T is Thymine and C is Cytosine.
In DNA, Adenine always pairs with Thymine, and Guanine always pairs with Cytosine.
Therefore if Thymine is 35%, then Adenine will also be 35% to make 70% in total.
The remaining percentage will be 100% - 70% = 30%.
The 30% will be shared equally among Cytosine and Guanine, at 15% each. Therefore Cytosine will be 15%
ATP energy is required to carry out the removal of waste
