Believe the best answer for this question would be D, "archetype." A femme fatale is a character who appears in many works of literature, although she takes on different forms. She possesses many of the same qualities and performs largely the same actions, making her an archetype. She may or may not be symbolic, solitary, or heroic, which means you can rule these options out as your answer because they are not definitive. Other examples of archetypes are the hero, the wicked witch, the wise old man, etc. Hope this helps.
Generally speaking, that is correct. A dystopia is the opposite of a utopia, and is a place which we define as unpleasant or bad. Therefore, what you might find in a dystopia is what you would consider as being unpleasant or bad. Hence, if you think polluted lakes and rivers are unpleasant, then they are likely to be part of a dystopia "for you". However, each person's dystopia may be different, as it depends on personal preference, or in this case, personal disgust.
Gerund phrases are used as nouns
