Trade spreads ideas and culture because it involves people moving from place to place around the world as they trade. As they move, they (and the people they meet) come into contact with new ideas and cultural practices
It was the election of Abraham Lincoln as US president that caused southern states to secede from the union just weeks after it happens, since he was an outspoken opponent of slavery.
It is C because voluntary trade does not discourage trade (B)
and A and D have nothing to do with it.
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Answer: raids and territory
Explanation: they were sending valuables out that were getting stolen and the territories were still being secured