Answer:
C: Departmentalization
Explanation:
Departmentalization is the basis by which jobs are grouped together. Jobs can be grouped in the following ways.
• Function. In functional departmentalization, departments are segregated i.e. separated from each other based on functions or tasks they perform. Corporations might have a different functions like supply chain, finance, human resources etc. All the worker specializations for those areas are grouped together, and people with common skills work in common units.
• Product. A large manufacturing motor company might group its common tasks together by products which they are manufacturing. Departments are separated based on type of product produced by the company. Each individual department is responsible for producing and selling the type of product assigned to them. For Example 1) Two Wheeler, 2) Three Wheeler, 3) Four Wheeler, 4) Heavy Motors
• Geography. If an organization’s customers are scattered over a geographic regions, separate departments are made based on the company’s operations to be carried out either over a vast area or within some restricted area through branches or offices established at different zones or places in that area. For Example 1) North Zone, 2) South Zone, 3) East Zone, 4) West Zone
• Process. A manufacturing plant might choose to organize common tasks around process. A tubing plant might organize departments around casting, pressing, finishing, packaging, etc. Each department specializes in one particular part of the manufacturing process. The same kind of departmentalization is true of the Department of Motor Vehicles, where you proceed from one area to another to renew your license plates or your driver’s license.
• Customer. In this, departments are separated from each other based on the types or groups of customers to be handled or dealt with; For example
i) Foreign Customers
ii) Domestic Customer
iii) Wholesale Customers
iv) Retail Customers
Conclusion
Large corporations can use any or all of these types of departmentalization to organize themselves. They might have a manufacturing area that organizes itself around process, but then a sales department that is organized geographically and a corporate support center that’s organized functionally.
