Answer: This isn't really understood, because not all societies formed governments in the sense of western hierarchical systems, and not all governments formed under the same conditions. It is one of those mysteries, which means it was a gradual thing, and not a sudden seasonal change from anarchy to government. The first government accumulated within a group of people who spoke the same language, and there was some pressure on them that required some level of organization for the distribution of resources and labor, so it seems, but even as I write this I know that is far too simple.
For thousands of years it was believed there was a natural hegemony bestowed by divine power, then, there was the American Revolution and the idea of government was turned upside down. Following that was Karl Marx, who suggested that government was a mechanism of oppression to control the means of production and wealth accumulation, but all of the hypotheses built from this idea, which most of modern thinking can find some degree of lineage to, are problematic to be nice, and outright failures at the other extreme.
Quick answer is, there are a thousand answers, none of which have proven to be universal, so they are only partially right.
There is a lot of room for research in this area.
Answer: He was referring to the production technologies i.e. the methods employed to extract, produce and utilize resources were man-made and far from naturally ideal.
Explanation: Barry Commoner was an American cellular biologist, professor and politician. He was a leading ecologist and among the founders of the modern environmental awareness movements.
The above excerpt is from his book, The Closing Circle published in 1971, where Commoner exposed the role of capitalism and profit as root causes of environmental degradation, at a time when majority of writers were blaming individual behaviour or overpopulation for pollution.
They are Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania
Striving for superiority, in Adler's system is universal and takes a unique form in each of us.
Option c
<u>
Explanation:
</u>
Alfred Adler is an Austrian and a practising doctor and a psychotherapist. He is the founder of the school of individual psychology. His theories had played a vital role in the field of personality development.
His study on the importance of feelings of inferiority complex has changed perspective of personality development. Here in this Striving of superiority, it is the individual efforts to become superior among others.
The Striving of superiority motivates the individual to complete the tasks perfectly before others and also get over others. Alfred Adler believed that aggression to become superior is the main power behind all motivation.
