Since the start of Christianity, there have been over 260 popes serving. Sometimes, Popes ruled kingdoms and declared wars, if Vatican City was in the empire. The Pope the declared the Crusades on the Muslims was Pope Urban II. He declared so many until they got their land back.
The first Pope was of course Saint Peter and there were altogether 265 Popes after him, and the current is Pope Francis I.
Urban II declared Crusades in 1095 after the council in Clermont in 1095. The Crusades started after Byzantine emperor asked for help in the fight against the Seljuk Turks, but became something totally different that he expected.
It is technically a legal document, and it is binding. Which makes it unique from other types of documents. I’m not sure what you mean in regards to “tool”. But I would think it would be considered a reference document
The main reason as to why the pan-africanists create the “Exhibit
of American Negroes” during the 1900 World’s fair was because of the fact that
they would want to fight the idea of racism by which the Africans were said to
be primitive.
The answer is B purely due to this statement: "secures the blessings of liberty" which is in the preamble. Also because it is defined as a natural right. Hope this helps and let me know if you need more help!
