One of the causes of the Black death was the involvment of traders and merchants coming from sea and bringing the disease with them. It soread easily due to poor hygiene at the time and not so great medical practices. It killed around 50% of Europes population and and had around a 99-100% fatality rate. It originated in China, but again, it was brought to europe by traders.
The great famine was caused by a disease that destroyed the potato crop which happened to be one of the more available foods at the time. About a million died in result of this and people began to leave Ireland immigrating to places such as the us, australia, britain or canada.
The California gold rush began on January 24, 1848. The Gold Rush ended in the year 1855.
C) humanism is the term from the renaissance
The scientific revolution, which emphasized systematic experimentation as the most valid research method, resulted in developments in mathematics, physics, astronomy, biology, and chemistry. These developments transformed the views of society about nature.