Answer:
because he did not stumble upon the invention just out of sheer luck.
Explanation:
In the lesson "Luck Favors the Prepared", Charles Goodyear's invention of vulcanized rubber is an example of both preparation and luck because he did not stumble upon the invention just out of sheer luck.
Goodyear had been experimenting endlessly with natural rubber in hopes to find a way to make the rubber more durable, elastic, or stretchy. He attempted many times and failed miserably before he accidently invented the vulcanized rubber. Had he not been preparing for it continuously, he wouldn't have stumbled on his luck.
It would likely be the third one: to focus research by identifying the what, who, why, and how.
Answer:
The words, form and shape, are closely related to the words, structure and pattern.
Explanation: Writers of the classical period constructed their works according to a pattern they had learned. They had to be creative within the forms and norms of the period.
Dictionary: Formal (2nd definition) following or according to establised form, custom, or rule. (Merriam-Webster)
Formal: using an agreed and often official or traditional way of doing things. (Cambridge)