Characterization and determination of the S/G ratio via Py-GC/MS of agricultural and industrial residues.
<h3>What is the abstract?</h3>
To investigate the potential lignin values, agricultural residues (apple tree pruning, olive tree pruning, and almond shell) and industrial residues (kraft black liquor) were employed as source materials for lignin extraction via various fractionation procedures (kraft, organosolv, acetosolv and acetosolv and formosolv processes). Py-GC/MS, FTIR, and GPC were used to characterise the separated lignins. The fractionation method had a significant impact on the average molecular weight (Mw) assessed by GPC. The severe circumstances of the acetosolv and acetosolv-formosolv procedures favoured repolymerization, resulting in high Mw lignins. Because of the longer retention durations, the EKL had a smaller Mw. Except for almond shell lignin, which has the highest relative abundance of G-type phenols, all lignins have higher relative abundances of S-type phenols.
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They are formed into polymers.
<span>Several types of relationship exist between living organisms in an ecosystem. When two different species of animals depend on the same king of food for survival, this type of relationship is called COMPETITION. In competition relationships, the fittest usually survival.</span><span />
The leaf hairs on a plant are like death spikes to a small insect
A.K.A to protect itself
