4) Polaris
Stars emit light with energy generated by nuclear fusion, think of the Sun as an example. Polaris is a star, it's the brightest star in the little bear constellation, and therefore the correct answer.
Yes. It is the midpoint because the line would be GHJ and H is halfway between the 14 difference.
Rainwater is the main solution. There would need to be higher technology, to make that happen.
Distance between the sun and the planet. The strength of the gravitational force or pull depends on two factors,mass and distance. for example if one of the masses is doubled, the force of gravity between the objects is doubled. The force of gravity decreases when distance between the increases