Answer: this is the period of passage/shift from dark times (immediately following the end of Roman Empire, 476) to Middle Ages (after 1000 there are crusades, first religious orders, cultivation of lands and building of first cities and churches. What was the center of this medieval Europe ? It was beyond Alps ....Paris (in terms of education and power).
Explanation: Crucial person in this process is Charlemagne (Christianization), education.
Mountains are created when two plates collide. When the plates converge or slide underneath each other the heat causes melting of the crust and volcanoes appear. When they cool off they become islands.
