Correct answer: Court cases challenged the legality of discrimination.
I'll mention key court cases after debunking the other answers in the list. Truman's desegregation of the armed forces happened already in 1948, and impacted only those in the armed forces, rather than all African Americans. The suburbs were NOT welcoming toward African Americans, and they remained in living mostly in urban centers.
As to key court cases of the 1950s regarding discrimination:
1950: Sweatt v. Painter and McLaurin v. Oklahoma State Regents. In these cases, the Supreme Court said segregation of African American students in law and graduate schools was unconstitutional. This was the start of challenging "separate-but-equal" policies.
1954: Brown v. Board of Education. Firm decision that "separate but equal" policies were unconstitutional across the education system. Chief Justice Earl Warren, speaking for the unanimous opinion of the Court, said: “Separate educational facilities are inherently unequal.”
1955: Brown v. Board II. The Supreme Court directed that school systems must abolish segregation “with all deliberate speed.”
1956: The Supreme Court affirmed a lower court ruling that the segregation of the Montgomery, Alabama, bus system was illegal. This was in reference to the bus boycott that had begun with the protest by Rosa Parks.
1958: Cooper v. Aaron. The Supreme Court upheld the US Court of Appeals (8th Circuit) decision that resistance by local officials and threats of violence in the community did not justify delaying desegregation. This followed in the wake of the Little Rock Nine (a group of black students) seeking enrollment in LIttle Rock Central High School.
Answer:
En el proceso de independencia de las colonias americanas, tuvo una clara injerencia el conflicto político entre Francia y Gran Bretaña, quienes se enfrentaron tanto a nivel europeo como en sus colonias en América, África y el resto del mundo.
Así, mientras toda Europa se involucraba en la Guerra de los Siete Años y las Guerras Napoleónicas, las potencias coloniales descuidaban sus colonias en América para proteger así sus intereses en sus territorios principales. De esta manera, se generaba un vacío de poder que era aprovechado por los movimientos patrióticos en todo el continente. Un claro ejemplo de ello fue España, que invadida por Francia durante las Guerras Napoleónicas por haberse aliado con Gran Bretaña, descuidó sus colonias en América generando la corriente independentista que tuvo lugar en el continente a inicios de los 1800s.
The British Colonizers founded the 13 states.
He hoped to deliver a knockout blow to the north
Answer:Civil Rights Movement. In Chapter 5, Kennedy argues that the process of integrating Americans under one nationality failed in the case of African Americans.
Explanation:
