Answer:
Most of the Czar didn't treat Russians or Russia in general with respect. The government wasn't doing its job to help the citizens of Russia in other words the Czar wasn't meeting the average quota in terms of responsibility to the people of that country. Which resulted in the whole of Russia disliking Czar and the way they led since they did not care about the hardships that Russian people were facing.
Well fossil fuels are such a largely used resource in the economy it is hard to transition from it since its so depended on for many things.
Cities served as major centers of exchange particularly as centers of commerce between the east and west. Some cities not only imported products, they also made their own. During the Renaissance the cities of Italy were (especially in the north) were the largest in Europe, their culture the most urban which made it easy to usher change during the Enlightenment
The correct answer is option B - Ivan IV.
Ivan IV or Ivan The Terrible was the first tsar of Russia. He was born on August 25, 1530, and died on March 18, 1584.
He created a centrally controlled Russian state, which main characteristic was the military dominance.
He took control of Russia by forming the Oprichnina, that is an added territory that would be administrated separately from the rest of the state. It was also during this time too that he created the Oprichniki, which was the first official secret Russian police force.
