Zionism is the Jewish movement that can be described as the middle ground between the very conservative movement and the other more liberal branches.
May i know whats the question in this paragraph because i did not understand the question ill edit it as soon as i know the question behind this...!
England and France
England: War of 1812
France: The reign of Napoleon and consequently, war
The Age of Enlightenment promoted a confidence in reason or intellectual enquiry to bring greater happiness and progress to humanity; a belief that all aspects of the human and natural worlds are susceptible of rational explanation; and the desire to battle against ignorance, dogma, superstition, injustice and oppression.
Paintings: Mona Lisa
Sculptures: Cristo della Minerva
Works of literature: Pastoral poems
Inventions and Discoveries: The Submarine