The factors are: The size of the sample, the extraction method, the method of purification and preservation of the DNA.
The quantity and quality of DNA can be greatly improved by performing PCR.
* Purification of nucleic acids is a key step for functional studies in biology. Because of the great diversity of living organisms in nature, purification becomes a real challenge for researchers, especially cell lysis.
The evolution of lysis methods has made it possible to improve efficiency, speed and simplicity. But, this lysis step remains a crucial step for the efficiency and the quality of the purification.
The fossilized fish which is found has jaws but no true bones belonging at point B on the Cladogram. Thus, the correct option is B.
<h3>What is Cladogram?</h3>
A cladogram may be defined as a phylogenetic tree that is based on the classification of evolutionary relationships.
In the given cladogram, D is any ancestral point from which speciation occurs. Point C is a basal taxon while A and B are sister taxons.
The organisms of point B have only jaws bu,t not true bones, while the organisms at point A have both jaws and true bones.
Therefore, it is well described above.
To learn more about Cladogram, refer to the link:
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<span>The phosphorus cycle is a biogeochemical cycle that describes the movement of phosphorus through the lithosphere, hydrosphere, and biosphere. Unlike many other biogeochemical cycles, the atmosphere does not play a significant role in the movement of phosphorus. Phosphorus mainly comes from soil and rock on the Earth and is recycled by living organisms</span>
Answer:
A. A water molecule passes through a semi permeable membrane
Explanation:
Facilitated diffusion is the diffusion of a molecule without any assistance from a protein or protein channel.
In facilitated diffusion, a molecule will diffuse by itself through a semi permeable membrane, such as the cell membrane.
Answer choices B, C, and D are incorrect because they are all examples of facilitated diffusion. The molecules required assistance from a protein.
Answer choice A is correct because the water molecule was able to pass through by itself.
So, the correct answer is A. A water molecule passes through a semi permeable membrane
