Created Ukrainian collectives
From lakes and grasslands with hippos and giraffes to a vast desert, North Africa's sudden geographical transformation 5,000 years ago was one of the planet's most dramatic climate shifts.
The transformation took place nearly simultaneously across the continent's northern half, a new study finds. The results will appear in an upcoming issue of the journal Earth and Planetary Science Letters.
http://www.livescience.com/28493-when-sahara-desert-formed.html
Anarchists and other radicals
Answer:
Christian access was denied and the Holy Sepulcher despoiled
Explanation:
After the Seljuk Turks secured Jerusalem from the Egyptians in 1071, as well as defeating Byzantine Emperor Romanus IV they denied access to Christian and despoiled the Holy Sepulcher. (church in the Christian Quarter of the Old City of Jerusalem. ) later on in the 11th century (1000-1100) Byzantine Emperor Alexius I requested from the west for military aid. Odo of Châtillon otherwise known as Pope Urban II, argued for the recapture and rebuilding of the Holy Sepulcher… which inspired what is known today as the First Crusade.
