Answer:
New crust, sometimes islands/mountains
Explanation:
Divergent boundaries are when two tectonic places are moving away from each other. In the current configuration of Earth, that happens in the ocean.
When plates move away from each other, they leave a gap. That gap is filled with lava that solidifies quickly and forms now crust. If the ocean floor is relatively shallow, and the lava pressure is big enough, that can lead to the formation of new islands, mountains/volcanoes on top of the gap. That's basically how the Galapagos islands were created.
Tectonic plates are parts (pieces) of the outermost layer of Earth: the Crust. (the outermost part of the mantle is also often included in the plates). This means that the land in the middle of the plates is relatively stable while the borders of the plates can be in movement - after all this is where two pieces meet. Plate borders are where the vocanoes and Earthquakes often take place.
Factors of Production and Competition (honorable mentions are Accumulation of Capital and Private Property)
Both movements were based on formation of countries that are Muslim, and they were done in a military manner with violent clashes.
Explanation:
Pakistan and Bangladesh have traditionally been part of India for thousands of years. This changed when the British Empire granted independence to its South Asian colony and instead of keeping it whole it divided it, initially in two parts, later it turned out to be three. This happened both because of what was thought to be the best for the stability of the region, but also because of propaganda and movements from the Islamic world.
Unlike India, Pakistan and Bangladesh were predominantly Muslim, so in order to avoid internal conflict the British decided to partition India in accordance to religion. While this seemed that it would contribute to avoiding problems and conflicts it turned out to be the opposite.
The Indians were not happy with this and acted aggressively to the loss of territory. The Islamic movements in Pakistan and later in Bangladesh also acted aggressively. This led to large scale conflict, with millions of people ending up dead or homeless, and there was a large scale persecution based on religion.
We know that the poles had changed positions in the past, because of the arrangement of the crystals in the rocks made out of metal. The crystals of the metals act like the needle of the compass when the rock is cooling off and forming, they turn into the direction of the strongest magnetic field on the Earth, which is the North Pole. So by studying the rocks that are made out of metals and see the crystals arrangement and also estimate the age of the rocks, the scientist can precisely tell how has the North Pole been moving throughout time.
