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3 years ago

Penicillium notatum is what type of organism?

1 answer:

8 0

Penicillium notatum is a fungi.
Penicillium is a genus of ascomycetous fungi which has a major importance in the natural environmen. It plays an important role in food and drug production as well. Some members of the said genus produce penicillin, a molecule that is used as an antibiotic. These antibiotics kill or stop the growth of certain kinds of bacteria inside the body.

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Which of the following best describes an aspect of a membrane's molecular structure that causes it to be selectively permeable?

atroni [7]

Answer:

d. Transport proteins within the membrane serve as a tunnel for molecules to enter the cell.

Explanation:

Solutes are typically moved across the cell through either passive or active transport. The cells, surrounded by a bilipid layer or plasma membrane is amphiphlic- its polar, hydrophilic lipid heads face outwards, while their non-polar hydrophobic lipid tails face inwards towards each other.

While lipid-soluble molecules move across the layer easily, it is also difficult for charged and also large molecules to move across its surface, into the cell. Transmembrane channels, embedded within the membrane, help to maintain selective permeability as transport proteins, pores and gated channels. Simple diffusion happens as a method of passive transport in cells through plasma membranes.

The solutes travel through the plasma membrane in the process of diffusion from regions of high concentration to regions of low concentration; this occurs without the use of energy. Molecules moving against their concentration require active transport mechanism to cross the membrane.

3 0

2 years ago

The bones from an animal found at an archaeological dig have a C614 activity of 0.10 Bq per gram of carbon. The half-life of C61

erastova [34]

C14 is an isotope used in radiocarbon dating techniques to date organic matter remains. The age of these bones is approximately 6890 years.

<h3>What is Carbon 14?</h3>

Carbon 14, also known as radiocarbon, is a radioactive carbon isotope.

Isotopes are the atoms of the same element -carbon- that vary in neutrons and, hence, in their massic number. They are alternative forms of the same element.

The radioactive C14 nucleus contains 6 protons and 8 neutrons and has a half-life of 5730 years.

The term half-life is a reference. It means that an organism that has been dead for 5730 years has half the C14 amount or concentration than the same organism had when it was alive.

Knowing the half-life of an element is useful to determine the age of the dead matter.

C14 is used in radiocarbon dating techniques or methods to estimate the age of fossils. This is a reliable technique used for dating organic samples that are less than 50,000 years old.

Available data:

The half-life of C14 is 5730 years
Bones activity of 0.10 Bq per gram of carbon

To answer this question we can make use of the following equation

Ln (C14T₁/C14 T₀) = - λ T₁

Where,

C14 T₀ ⇒ Amount of carbon in a living body. We know, by bibliography, that living organism activity is 0.23 Bq per gram of carbon. So, C14 T₀ = 0.23 Bq/g

C14T₁ ⇒ Amount of carbon in the dead body. C14T₁ = 0.1 Bq/g

λ ⇒ radioactive decay constant = (Ln2)/T₀,₅

T₀,₅ ⇒ The half-life of carbon 14 = 5730 years

T₀ = Time when the organism was alive

T₁ = Age of bones

Let us first calculate the radioactive decay constant.

λ = (Ln2)/T₀,₅

λ = 0.693/5730

λ = 0.0001209

Now, let us calculate the first term in the equation

Ln (C14T₁/C14 T₀) = Ln (0.1/0.23) = Ln 0.4347 = - 0.833

Finally, let us replace the terms, clear the equation, and calculate the value of T₁.

Ln (C14T₁/C14 T₀) = - λ T₁

- 0.833 = - 0.0001209 x T₁

T₁ = - 0.833 / - 0.0001209

T₁ = 6889.99 ≅ 6890 years

The bones are approximately 6890 years.

You can learn more about dating organic matter with carbon14 at

brainly.com/question/4149380

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6 0

2 years ago

In pea plants, the tall-stem allele and the short-stem allele are different forms of the same what'

Tamiku [17]

the answer to your question is definitely genes

5 0

3 years ago

Top 5 chloroplast facts

WITCHER [35]

Lasts are used for photosynthesis .

They have a double membrane around them.

The space inside is called the stroma. The space may contain starch grains and lipid bodies.

In the stroma are structures called thylakoids.

The thylakoids are stacked to form structures called grana.

The grana contain the pigment chlorophyll along with some secondary pigments.

6 0

3 years ago

Using Grime’s Triangle as a framework, discuss how natural selection and trade-offs work to form the niche of species.

Jobisdone [24]

Natural selection affects the scope of the niche of a given species. Moreover, trade-offs are associated with differences in traits that also may affect the niche of a species.

<h3>Natural selection and trade-offs </h3>

Natural selection refers to the differential survival or reproduction of individuals in particular environmental conditions.

The different niches occupied by species are mainly a consequence of differential trade-offs among species, i.e., by differential phenotypic features that generate negative correlations among species.

Grime’s Triangle is based on the associations (trade-off) between adaptation to productivity and/or competition, stressful environments (habitats) and disturbance.

Learn more about natural selection here:

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8 0

2 years ago