Answer:
When there's dispute among states with no other federal court to rule over it.
Explanation:
Original jurisdiction means the Supreme Court can hear a case that's come to it directly, without the matter having gone through rulings and appeals in a lower court. This can involve a dispute between states, with no other federal court having jurisdiction over the case. Those matters, however, are pretty rare.
One significant example is New Jersey v. New York, a case from the court's 1998 term. The Garden State sued the Empire State in the Supreme Court over jurisdiction of Ellis Island's artificially expanded landmass, an issue dating to the 19th century.
The more we know about a subject the higher the value of our opinion.
Early traders navigated the seas with the help of the Sun, since this allowed them not only to see how much time was left in the day, but also to see how much their position had moved.
Because proportional representation gives votes based on population and due to larger states tending to have a larger population they would get more votes.
I believe Russia is an example of a country in both Europe and Asia. I'm sure there are more countries, but I'd need to look at a map to know what they are. Hope this helps!