No correlation. Having a larger brain doesn’t mean you can store more knowledge.
D) Increase in temperature.
When we are too hot, blood vessels supplying blood to the skin can swell or dilate (vasodilation). This allows more warm blood to flow near the surface of the skin, where the heat can be lost to the air.
You didn't give the options for "which" but I assume your multiple choice questions will all be environmental factors that can cause mutations. To pass on to offspring, any mutation in the gametes or a chromosome may cause a mutation in the offspring.