Question

As in most areas of biology, the study of mitosis and the cell cycle involves a lot of new terminology. Knowing what the different terms mean is essential to understanding and describing the processes occurring in the cell.
Fill the blanks with terms below to correctly complete the following sentences.

CYTOKINESIS, SISTER CHROMATID(S), CENTROSOME(S), CHROMATIN, CENTROMERE(S), KINETOCHORE(S), INTERPHASE, MITOTIC SPINDLE(S).

1. DNA replication produces two identical DNA molecules, called ______, which separate during mitosis.
2. After chromosomes condense, the _______ is the region where the identical DNA molecules are most tightly attached to each other.
3. During mitosis, microtubules attach to chromosomes at the ______.
4. In dividing cells, most of the cell's growth occurs during _______.
5. The _______ is a cell structure consisting of microtubules, which forms during early mitosis and plays a role in cell division.
6. During interphase, most of the nucleus is filled with a complex of DNA and protein in a dispersed form called ______.
7. In most eukaryotes, division of the nucleus is followed by _______, when the rest of the cell divides.
8. The ________ are the organizing centers for microtubules involved in separating chromosomes during mitosis.

Answer 1

1. DNA replication produces two identical DNA molecules, called sister chromatids, which separate during mitosis.

2. After chromosomes condense, the centromeres is the region where the identical DNA molecules are most tightly attached to each other.

3. During mitosis, microtubules attach to chromosomes at the Kinetochores.

4. In dividing cells, most of the cell's growth occurs during Interphase

5. The mitotic spindle is a cell structure consisting of microtubules, which forms during early mitosis and plays a role in cell division.

6. During interphase, most of the nucleus is filled with a complex of DNA and protein in a dispersed form called ,chromatin.

7. In most eukaryotes, division of the nucleus is followed by cytokinesis, when the rest of the cell divides.

8. The centrosomes are the organizing centers for microtubules involved in separating chromosomes during mitosis.

Answer 2

Answer:

1. DNA replication produces two identical DNA molecules, called SISTER CHROMATID(S), which separate during mitosis.

2. After chromosomes condense, the CENTROMERE is the region where the identical DNA molecules are most tightly attached to each other.

3. During mitosis, microtubules attach to chromosomes at the KINETOCHORE(S)

4. In dividing cells, most of the cell's growth occurs during INTERPHASE.

5. The MITOTIC SPINDLE is a cell structure consisting of microtubules, which forms during early mitosis and plays a role in cell division.

6. During interphase, most of the nucleus is filled with a complex of DNA and protein in a dispersed form called CHROMATIN.

7. In most eukaryotes, division of the nucleus is followed by CYTOKINESIS, when the rest of the cell divides.

8. The CENTROSOME(S) are the organizing centers for microtubules involved in separating chromosomes during mitosis.

Explanation:

• One chromosome is composed of two chromatids. One chromatid is a chromatin strand that got thick after folding. The chromatin is a dispersed form of the DNI associated with histones. Before cellular division occurs, the chromatin strand condensates and generates a copy or clon so both of the daughter cells can get the same genetic information. These two strands keep joint together by a centromere. So, the chromosome is conformed by the chromatin strand and its copy, known as sister chromatids, and are joint by the centromere. It looks X-shaped.

• The spindle apparatus -microtubules- is the structure that distributes the chromosomes to each pole. Microtubules attach to the chromosomes by the kinetochores, which are laminar proteinic structures situated next to the centromere. Once in the poles, chromosomes became lax again and it occurs cytokinesis, which is the cytoplasm division.

• Each cell contains two centrosomes that separate during cell division and migrate to the poles facilitating the action of spindle apparatus.