Low calorie food intake can lead to amenorrhea (loss of regular menstrual cycle) and protein deficiency.
What is amenorrhea and protein deficiency and its effects?
- Female athletes, find it difficult to meet energy and nutrient needs while maintaining a low fat or body weight considered optimal for sports performance. Thus, they often restrict energy intake(EI) to make weight goals.
- Low EI, combined with high levels of exercise, increases the risk of developing exercise-related menstrual dysfunction (ExMD) and poor bone health.
- ExMD can be high in physically active women, ranging from 0% to 60%, and occurs across a continuum from mild disruptions in menses (no ovulation or luteal phase deficiency) to oligomenorrhea (cycles ≥ 35 day) and amenorrhea (no menses for >90 day.
- Low energy availability (EA) (i.e., energy remaining for body functions after exercise training) may lead to menstrual dysfunction through a leptin-controlled pathway.
- In ExMD, females have low leptin levels that contribute to the disruption of luteinizing hormone (LH) pulsatility via interference of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) pulsatile.
- Sequentially, the ovaries decrease production of estrogen and progesterone, the hormones responsible for triggering the lining and egg of the uterus to be shed (menstruation) resulting in abnormal menses.
- Adequate dietary protein is important for supporting physiological adaptations to exercise, there is a growing need to determine the protein requirements for pre-menopausal
- athletes that address the influence of endogenous and exogenous hormones and potential metabolic
- potential metabolic
interactions with different types of exercise.
To learn more about amenorrhea: brainly.com/question/8466982
#SPJ4
Answer:
Blood vessel growth.
Explanation:
Angiogenesis may be defined as the physiological process of formation of new blood vessel from the already existing vessel. Sprouting and splitting are the important process includes in the process of angiogenesis.
The process of angiogenesis occurs fastly in cancerous cells. Important tumor angiogenesis factor called because they stimulate the growth of new blood vessels in the body.
Thus, the answer is blood vessel growth.
Answer:
Surfactant is the mixture of lipids, carbohydrates and proteins. It is produced in Lungs by epithelial cells.
Explanation:
i) It act to decrease the surface tension at the air liquid interface.
ii) It support air breathing.
iii) It enhances mucus clearance.
Answer:
d is the answer I think sry if it's worng
